中间性 - 中间性性象谱

中间性的原因 - 染色体因素

现代生物学和医学研究已经发现了大量的染色体异常症状。通常，染色体异常背离了常规的女性性染色体XX-组型或男性性染色体XY-组型。通过验血可以诊断出染色体异常组型。血液被用来进行所称谓的“染色体分类(karyotyping)”的染色体分析，也就是说对全部显现的染色体作系统的分组分析。“染色体组型(karyotype)”也就是完整的一套染色体，通过染色后成为可见的显微图谱，被称为“染色体组型图谱(karyogram)”，这套图谱会暴露任何不合常规的染色体组合状况。
这样的不合常规的染色体组合状况可能导致各种各样的中间性。我们最为熟知的中间性是女性中的特纳氏综合征(Turner syndrome)和男性中的克莱里菲尔特综合征(Klinefelter syndrome)。以下的内容对这两类综合征提供了一些基本的知识。

三种染色体组型图谱  Three Karyograms
自左：1. 正常男性的染色体组型图谱(一条X染色体，一条Y染色体)；2.患特纳氏综合征的女性染色体组型图谱(只有一条X染色体)；3.患克莱里菲尔特综合征的男性染色体组型图谱(两条X染色体，一条Y染色体)   点击小图看大图  From the left: 1. Typical male (one X-, one Y-chromosome)  2. Female with Turner syndrome (only one X-chromosome)  3. Male with Klinefelter syndrome (two X-chromosomes, one Y-chromosome) For enlargement, click on each karyogram.

Intersexuality - The Intersexual Spectrum

Causes of Intersexuality - Chromosomes

Modern research has found a number of atypical chromosomal conditions. As a rule, they concern deviations from the regular female XX- or male XY-combination. They are diagnosed by means of a blood test. The blood is used for a chromosome analysis called “karyotyping”, i.e. a systematic grouping of all present chromosomes.The “karyotype”, i.e. the complete chromosomal set - stained and visible in a picture called “karyogram” - will reveal any irregularities.
Such irregularities can result in various forms of intersexuality. The best known of these are Turner syndrome in females and Klinefelter syndrome in males. The following sections provide some basic information on both.