中间性 - 中间性性象谱

中间性的原因- 激素因素

男性性激素失敏性综合征(Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, AIS)

罹患男性性激素失敏性综合征的患者有两条X染色体和象正常男性一样有一条Y染色体。X染色体和Y染色体都具有重要的功能：Y染色体启动睾丸的发育，继而产生男性性激素，也就是说产生刺激机体向男性方向发育的激素。X染色体含有使机体对男性激素作出反应的基因。但是，罹患男性性激素失敏性综合征患者的身体对男性性激素部分或完全失去敏感性。其结果是他的性器官不会以正常的方式发育。在男性性激素部分失敏性病例(男性性激素部分失敏性综合征，PAIS)，其可能的性象谱有：性器官可能发育成男性的形态特征或者在一定程度上发育得含混不清，也就是说其性器官在一定程度上介于男性与女性之间。在男性性激素完全失敏性的极端病例(男性性激素完全失敏性综合征，CAIS)，其性器官发育成女性的形态特征。无论如何，在出生之前和在青春期对男性性激素的失敏性会阻碍或损害男性的身体性征，并且使身体塑形成女性的特征。某些研究者已经创用了男性性激素失敏性综合征分级程度表，从1级(非常轻微的男性性激素部分失敏性综合征-男性，PAIS - male)到7级(男性性激素完全失敏性综合征-女性，CAIS - female)。这个分级程度表可以用于细化诊断并由此也能够划分性别。按照患者在分级程度表中的不同分级程度，或者把他们当作男孩子来抚养，或者把其当作女孩子来抚养。不管怎样，罹患男性性激素失敏性综合征者是不能生育的。

Intersexuality - The Intersexual Spectrum

Causes of Intersexuality - Hormones

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

Persons with AIS have both an X- and a Y-chromosome, just like typical males. Both of these chromosomes serve important functions: The Y-chromosome initiates the growth of testicles which, in turn, produce so-called androgens, i.e. hormones that spur the body’s development toward maleness. The X-chromosome contains a gene that allows the body to react to androgens. However, a person with AIS has some irregularity on the X-chromosome that makes the body partially or completely insensitive to androgens. As a result, the sex organs do not develop in the typical way. In the case of partial androgen insensitivity (PAIS), there is a spectrum of possible outcomes: The sex organs may turn out to be male or ambiguous in various degrees, i.e. somewhere between male and female. In the extreme case of complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS), the sex organs take a female form. In any case, the insensitivity to androgens prevents or impairs the physical manifestation of maleness before birth and during puberty and generally gives the body a more female shape. Some researchers have developed an AIS grading scale from 1 (very mild PAIS - male) to 7 (CAIS - female). This scale can be used for a detailed diagnosis and thus also for an assignment of sex. Depending on their position on the scale, babies with AIS may be raised as either males or females. In any event, persons with AIS are infertile.