关键概述-陈腐而无据的定势思维

2. 迷误——性治疗师的公正性

自律的性治疗
马斯特斯(Masters)和约翰逊(Johnson)以及像他们那样的性治疗师已经脱离了传统上带有偏见的精神病治疗背景，并且发起了过去从未有过的对传统精神病治疗的仔细审查和公开辩论。现在，他们给完全自主的客户提供自己谨慎的、有限度的和通情达理的性治疗帮助。他们也明白，在过去，各式各样的性治疗习惯于把想当然的“正常的”准则("natural" norms)硬塞给犹豫不决的“病人”，而且他们对过去的这种令人为难的性治疗局面保持着清醒的认识。与过去大不一样的是，今天，当我们审视现行的性治疗实践时，就根本没有理由感到羞愧了。因为，现今的性治疗实践以其精确性而焕然一新，它得益于马斯特斯与约翰逊(Masters and Johnson)、哈特曼与菲西恩(Hartman and Fithian)、罗琵科罗与黑曼(LoPiccolo and Heiman)、齐尔伯格尔德与芭尔巴克(Zilbergeld and Barbach)以及其他许多研究者的行为学研究成果，这些研究者和性治疗师已经把性治疗实践指向了一个更加理性的可验证的方向。现今的大多数性治疗师认识到了这一事理，并欣然地接受了这种治疗的原理。他们并不把性(sexuality)当作人类幸福的起点和终点。他们也不鼓动人们去追求他们治疗工作的最终绩效。在此还要指明的是，从实践意义上看，性治疗现在正使得人们在性欲满足和情感满足的层面丰富着人们的生活。此外，现今的性治疗确实没有像过去一样如此的教条主义和夸大其辞。我们现在所需要做的工作就是构建性治疗理论框架，以反映这些新近进步的发展成果。当性治疗的理论与性治疗的实践并驾齐驱之时，当性治疗的理论挑拣出它的那些无以为据的定势思维之时，一个崭新而条理清晰的性治疗体系将值得我们每一个富于理性的人的支持。

Critical Introduction - Old Silent Assumptions

2. The Myth of Therapeutic Impartiality

Self-critical sex therapy
Masters and Johnson and others like them have taken sex therapy out of the traditionally prejudiced psychiatric context and opened it up as never before to scrutiny and dispute. They now offer their cautious, limited, and commonsensical assistance to fully autonomous clients. They also know that, in the past, sexual therapies of various kinds have been used to enforce allegedly "natural" norms on reluctant and even unwilling "patients", and they remain well aware of this embarrassing aspect of the past. In contrast, when we look at the actual practice of sex therapy today, we have no reason to be embarrassed at all. It is precisely the new, behavioral approach of Masters and Johnson, Hartman and Fithian, LoPiccolo and Heiman, Zilbergeld and Barbach, and many others that has pointed sex therapy in a more rationally defensible direction. Most sex therapists today know this and are grateful for it. They do not see sexuality as the beginning and end of human happiness. Neither do they make universal claims for the ultimate effect of their work. Still, in a practical sense, sex therapy is now enriching many lives on a sensual and emotional level. Moreover, it does so without dogmatism and arrogance. All that is needed now is a theoretical framework that reflects these recent positive developments. As its theory catches up with its practice, and as it becomes aware of its untenable silent assumptions, a newly articulate sex therapy will deserve the support of every rational person.