Definition of Sexual Health (WHO)

关键概述-性健康的含义

什么是性健康?

1. 性健康的定义(世界卫生组织,WHO 1975)

“不断增加的有关身体的知识表明,在许多文化体系中,人类的性问题对个体的健康和完好状态比以往所认识的要更加的深刻和重要;它还表明,在性无知、性误解和变化无常的健康及基本生活条件之间存在着重要的关联关系。虽然我们意识到对人类的性要取得普遍可接受的完整定义是困难的,我们还是提出下列的性健康定义,把这个定义作为朝着这个方向努力的第一步:
性健康是指性的存在(sexual being)在躯体、情感、智力和社会各个方面的完好状态,它以积极的方式增进和提升人格、人际沟通和人际之爱。
性健康概念的基本要素是获取性知识的权利与获得性愉悦的权利。”

世界卫生组织的这个报告然后引述了两位专家的观点,强调了

“性健康的概念包括三个基本要素:
1. 依照社会和个人的道德规范享受和控制性与生殖行为的能力,
2. 没有恐惧、羞愧、错误的信仰和其他抑制性反应和削弱性关系的心理因素,
3. 没有干扰性与生殖功能的器官障碍、疾病和缺陷。”

世界卫生组织做出结论道:

“鉴于此,性健康的概念意喻着积极地获取和享受人类的性的所有方面,并且性健康保健的目的应该是增进生命质量和改善个人关系,而不仅仅就生殖或性传播疾病提供咨询帮助和卫生保健。”

Critical Introduction - The Meaning of Sexual Health

What is Sexual Health?

1. Definition of Sexual Health (WHO 1975)

"A growing body of knowledge indicates that problems in human sexuality are more pervasive and more important to the wellbeing and health of individuals in many cultures than has previously been recognized, and that there are important relationships between sexual ignorance and misconceptions and diverse problems of health and the quality of life. While recognizing that it is difficult to arrive at a universally acceptable definition of the totality of human sexuality, the following definition of sexual health is presented as a step in this direction:
Sexual health is the integration of the somatic, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of sexual being, in ways that are positively enriching and that enhance personality, communication, and love.
Fundamental to this concept are the right to sexual information and the right to pleasure."

The document then quotes two experts confirming that

"the concept of sexual health includes three basic elements:
1. a capacity to enjoy and control sexual and reproductive behaviour in accordance with a social and personal ethic,
2. freedom from fear, shame, guilt, false beliefs, and other psychological factors inhibiting sexual response and impairing sexual relationship,
3. freedom from organic disorders, diseases, and deficiencies that interfere with sexual and reproductive functions."

The WHO concludes:

"Thus the notion of sexual health implies a positive approach to human sexuality, and the purpose of sexual health care should be the enhancement of life and personal relationships and not merely counselling and care related to procreation or sexuality transmitted diseases."

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