性功能障碍的诊断与治疗-诊断

既往性生活史 - 面谈技巧

如何提问？

采集既往性生活史有一个主要的目的：
获得个人性行为和可能的性问题的准确画面(即准确信息——译者注)。

所以，必须以适合约谈者的年龄、宗教背景和教育程度的方式采用适当的措辞提问。这也许需要面谈者使用俚语、市侩语言或特殊行话。不管怎样，除非约谈的对象是科学家或医学专业人员，否则，要避免使用纯粹的科学或医学术语。所提问题也必须易懂、精确和不含糊其辞。提问不应该模糊，不应该招致误解或不应该暗示任何的答案。例如：

• 在一些案例中，可能需要探究家庭背景，而这只有提问准确才能够成功。错误提问：“你与父母关系如何？”回答这个提问的回答可能是：“很好”。或“不好也不坏”，或“一般般”。正确提问：“你与母亲的关系如何？”和“你与父亲的关系如何？”对这两个提问的答案可能显示与母亲的关系很好，而与父亲的关系很糟，并且这会转而探讨与本案相关的现行问题。
• 了解婚内性行为的频率也许是有特殊意义的。同理，提问必须精确。错误提问：“你与妻子一周同床多少次？”答案可能是：“每周七次”。正确提问：“你每周与妻子发生多少次性行为？”回答可能是“两次”。已婚夫妇通常每晚会同床，但不会每晚总有性行为。(在中国，上述的错误提问和正确提问恐怕要倒过来。——译者注)
• 了解男人的同性性接触也许是有特殊意义的，但是，如果提问暗示有刻板或俗气则所获信息有限。错误提问：“你是同性恋吗？”答案可能是：“不是。”正确提问：“你与另一个男性有性关系吗？”(在中国，如果这样直接了当，恐怕会引起抵触情绪。所以，如何提问，还值得探究。——译者注)回答可能是：“有。”许多男人与其他男人在各种各样的情形下有性关系，然而并不会认为自己是同性恋者。

The Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions - Diagnosis

Sex History - Interviewing Technique

How to ask the questions?

Taking a sex history has one principal objective:
To obtain an accurate picture of the person's sexual behavior and possible sexual problems.

Therefore, the questions must be phrased in a way appropriate to the person's age, ethnic background, and educational level. This may require the interviewer to use slang, street language or a particular jargon. In any case, purely scientific or medical terms are to be avoided, unless one is talking to a scientist or medical professional. The questions must also be easy to understand, precise, and unambiguous. They should not be too vague, invite misunderstanding or suggest any particular answer. Examples:

• In some cases it may be necessary to explore the family background, but this will be successful only if the questions are precise. Wrong: "How was the relationship with your parents?" The answer to this question may be: "OK." or  "So-so", or "Average." Right: "How was the relationship with your mother?" and "How was the relationship with your father?" The answers to these two questions may reveal that the relationship with the mother was good, but that with the father was very bad, and this may turn out to be relevant to the case.
• It may be important to know the frequency of marital intercourse, but again, the question must be precise. Wrong: "In one week, how often do you sleep with your wife"? The answer may be: "Seven times per week." Right: " How often per week do you have intercourse with your wife?" The answer may be: "Two times". Married couples usually sleep together every night, but do not always have intercourse every night.
• It may be important to know about a man's homosexual contacts, but not much will be learned if the question implies a stereotype. Wrong: "Are you gay?" The answer may be: "No." Right: "Have you ever had sex with another man?" The answer may be: "Yes". Many men have sex with other men in a variety of circumstances while not considering themselves homosexual or gay.