被禁止的性行为与性暴力

性暴力: 性器官毁损: 起源 2

西格蒙德·弗洛伊德和另一些心理分析学家就故意的性器官毁损的深刻含义作过猜测。 不管做怎样的猜测，他们都把性器官毁损看作性别压迫的标志。我们至少可以说，阴蒂切除、阴户部分切除和阴户切除主要持续存在于人民贫穷和未受教育的地区以及妇女社会地位低下的地区。她们在严厉的父权社会结构的（阴影）中过着生活：处女就等同于“纯洁”，正行经的妇女是“不干净的”，而且父母之命、媒妁之言的婚姻普遍存在[1]。男性支配着宗教、政治和法律系统。他们在家里制定行事的规则并继承家庭的财产。在这些社会环境之下，女孩被教养到相信她们必须通过某种性器官的毁损才是“纯洁的”，不然她们就没有任何机会出嫁。但是，婚姻是她们获得社会承认和经济保障的唯一途径。出于这种原因，妇女常常是这种习俗的最强硬的拥护者。与其成为社会弃民，倒不如忍受疼痛和遭受伤害。

埃及人的叉铃
这只叉铃是一种古埃及的宗教乐器，当摇动该乐器的时候，会发出叮当或清脆的声音。性符号的研究学者常常注意到，在该乐器最为普通的样式里，它也会让人联想到被切割过的阴户。左：古埃及手握叉铃的妇女绘画；中：叉铃的图片；右：行“法老割礼”的阴户，即施行过阴户切除的阴户。
Egyptian sistrum
The sistrum was a sacred ancient Egyptian musical instrument, designed to produce a tinkling or rattling sound when shaken. Students of sexual symbolism have often noted that, in its most common form, the sistrum is reminiscent of an infibulated vulva. Left: Ancient Egyptian painting of a woman holding a sistrum. Middle: Picture of the instrument. Right: Vulva after a ”pharaonic circumcision“, i.e. an infibulation.

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence: Mutilation of Female Sex Organs: Origin 2

Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts have speculated about the deeper meaning of deliberate sexual mutilations.
In one way or another, they saw in them marks of sexual oppression. At any rate, today, the practices of clitoridectomy, excision, and infibulation continue mostly in regions where people are poor and illiterate and where women have a low social status. They lead their entire lives within rigid patriarchal structures: Virginity is equated with “purity”, menstruating women are “unclean”, and arranged or forced marriages are common. Males dominate the religious, political, and legal systems. They set the rules at home and inherit the family’s possessions. Under these conditions, girls are brought up to believe that they must be “purified” by means of some sexual mutilation, or they will have no chance to be married. Marriage, however, is their only way of finding social recognition and economic security. For this reason, women are often the strongest defenders of the practice. Suffering pain and injury seems preferable to becoming social outcasts.