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被禁止的性行为与性暴力
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性暴力:
性器官毁损:
防止:
策略
1
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当然，许多已经正式谴责性器官毁损的政府代理机构和非政府组织认识到，他们的声明必须由具体的行动来贯彻。他们同样认识到没有有关社会的自愿合作只能是事倍功半。在许多情形下，毫无疑问将要进行巨大的社会变革，而且只有让人人都懂得了这种社会变革的益处，社会变革才可能发生。所以，终止传统的性器官毁损习俗的运动必须把教育和法律改革结合起来，而且这两项措施必须要得到当地社会的宗教当局及其领袖的支持。
 凯尔国际的策略
这个抗击全球饥馑的著名组织也设法参与终止这种女性性器官毁损习俗。所以，凯尔国际(CARE
International)主席于2006年呼吁全世界的公民签署一个阻止这种习俗的请愿书。不过，她同时也强调只有通过尊重有关社会的对话，这个目标才可能够最终达成： |
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“我们的措施包括：
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教育有关社区的关键领导人、宗教领袖和村长；
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启动一项社会对话运动和展开公共讨论；
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支持家庭放弃这种习俗的单独的变革”。
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因而，凯尔国际在吸收了自己长期经验的基础上，就直奔务实的解决之途。
欲知详情，请点击此处。
 联合国儿童基金会的策略
联合国儿童基金会以同样的热忱出版了一个怎样达到与之相同目标的实用指南：“改变有害社会的习俗：女性生殖器毁损/切除(Changing a Harmful Social Convention: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting)”。这个指南也侧重于社区行动，建议创造“一个于社会变革有利的社会环境”。
该机构因而强调： |
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对话与非裁决式的公开讨论；
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提供可供选择的通过礼仪(成人典礼)[1],
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为切割礼实施者提供可供选择的受聘工作的机会；
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在工业化国家与移民人口中共同开展工作。
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欲知完整的文件，请点击此处。
[1].Rite
of passage——通过礼仪：在某人的一生中，表示从一阶段进入另一阶段转折点的仪式或庆典，如从青少年进入成年的仪式等。——译者注。
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Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence
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Sexual Violence: Mutilation of Female Sex Organs: Prevention: Strategies
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The many governmental agencies and non-governmental organizations that have officially condemned sexual mutilations know, of course, that their statements must be followed by concrete actions. They have also learned that little can be accomplished without the voluntary co-operation of the communities concerned. In many cases, great social changes will have to be brought about, and these can occur only if everyone sees their advantages. A
campaign to end the traditional mutilations must therefore combine legal reform with education, and both must be supported by religious authorities and other leaders in the community.
CARE International
This well-known organization fighting global poverty also tries to end the mutilation of female sex organs. In 2006, the president of
CARE therefore asked the citizens of the world to sign a petition to stop it. However, at the same time, she also
emphasized that, ultimately, this goal can be reached only through respectful community dialogue: |
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“Our approach includes:
- Educating key community leaders, religious leaders and village elders,
- starting a community dialogue and holding public discussions,
- supporting individual change in families that abandon the practice.”
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Thus, CARE, drawing on its long experience, points the way toward a practical solution.
For details, click
here.
UNICEF
In the same spirit, UNICEF has published a practical guide on how to achieve the same goal: “Changing a Harmful Social Convention: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting.” This guide also concentrates on community action. It proposes the creation of “an enabling environment for change”.
It therefore emphasizes: |
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- Dialogue and non-judgmental discussions,
- alternative rites of passage (initiation ceremonies),
- alternative employment opportunities for the excisers, and
- working with migrant populations in industrialized countries.
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For the complete text, click
here.
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