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性传播疾病的预防：行为的改变
STD
Prevention: Behavior Change
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安全性行为-历史记载
Safer
Sex - Historical Notes
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安全性行为指南的演变
在确实AIDS也能够通过异性性接触传播后，对“安全性行为指南”就做了修改，将阴道性交也纳入了指南里。此外，旧金山AIDS基金会为静脉毒品注射者、妇女、年幼者和不同宗教信仰者制定了针对性的指南。随着时间的过去，随着人们积累了越来越多的流行病学知识，指南被修改了多次。大体上，指南被制定得简单实用，但是为特殊人群所制定的指南则尽可能做到详尽。总的来说，这些预防措施证明非常有效。不幸的是，对许多人来说，安全性行为指南来得太迟了，他们数年以前就已经在不知情的情形下染上了疾病。
在此期间，原初的“安全性行为指南”大体上为受AIDS威胁的每一个国家所采纳。在发展中国家，指南主要针对一般的异性恋人口，因为他们现时冒着极大的感染危险。可是，依据地方文化和公开谈论性习惯的政治状况不同，在国于国之间常常有相当大的差别。现今，大多数人也愿意谈及“安全性行为（safer
sex）”，而避免可能使人误解的普通措辞“安全的（safe）”，而且强调安全（safety）和冒险（risk）两者相互对应的道理。
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1985年：钱包大小的卡片，由旧金山AIDS基金会散发，正面和背面
1985: Wallet-size cards, distributed by the SF AIDS Foundation, front and back.
(在此点击中文翻译图片1；在此点击中文翻译图片2/Click
on pictures)
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The Development of the Guidelines
As soon as it became clear that AIDS could also be transmitted through heterosexual contact,
the “Safe Sex Guidelines” were amended to cover vaginal intercourse as well. Moreover, the San Francisco AIDS Foundation developed various special guidelines for intravenous drug users, women, very young people, and different ethnic minorities. Over time, and with increasing epidemiological knowledge, the guidelines were revised several times. In general, they were simplified, but for particular groups they went into ever greater detail. Taken together, these prevention efforts proved very effective. Unfortunately, they came too late for many people who, years before, had already been infected without knowing it.
In the meantime, the original “Safe Sex Guidelines” have, in principle, been adopted in every country threatened by AIDS. In the developing world they are mostly aimed at the general heterosexual population which now runs the greatest risk of infection However, there are often considerable differences from country to country, depending on the local culture and the political will to talk openly about sexual practices. Today, most people also prefer to speak of “safer sex”, avoiding the possibly misleading word “safe” and emphasizing that both safety and risk are relative.
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1985: Wallet-size cards, distributed by the SF AIDS Foundation, front and back.
(Click on pictures)
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