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性行为的发展 |
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性行为的发展阶段：儿童期的发展 |
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“性反应”的发展
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儿童期施洗礼的约翰与耶稣
欧洲文艺复兴时期艺术品流行的艺术主题。此图改绘自约斯·凡·克列夫(1464-1540)
John the Baptist and Jesus
as children
Popular motive in European Renaissance art. Here after a painting by
Jos van Cleve (1464-1540).
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在1-2岁，儿童开始探查自己的身体。当他们发现各种各样的愉悦感觉时，通常也会开始玩弄自己的性器官。到2岁，一些儿童就已经体验过极度兴奋（orgasm）[1]；到5岁，几乎有一半的儿童有了这种体验。他们也可能拥抱和吻其他同伴。如果他们没有被干预，他们甚至可能抚弄和探究其包括兄弟姐妹在内的玩伴的性器官。一般而言，男孩在这方面比女孩更为活跃。但是，大多数这类相互探究活动（“扮演医生护士”）的动机单纯由对身体及其功能的好奇心所激发，但未有成人意识程度的性欲特征。甚至真实的情形是，当儿童设法模仿性交的时候，他们轮流扮演“主动”角色和“被动”角色。更为多见的尝试是，想要了解有关自己和他人的一些生理或其它别的什么知识。随着儿童的发育长大，他们仍旧可能通过刺激他们的性器官得到始终为“特别的”性愉悦，并且与他人一起的“性游戏（sex
play）”可能愈加符合性欲的特征。年长一点的儿童甚至可能“坠入情网（fall
in love）”，发展到亲密拥抱并建立非常密切的关系。这个新的“密友”可以是另一性别成员或者同性别成员。这些性行为的发展特征是毋庸置疑的。无论如何，当父母给孩子解释身体部位及其功能的时候，保持与孩子的密切交流和秉持宽容的心态是至关重要的。孩子约在5岁时，会想知道“宝宝是从哪里来的”，并且需要对许多其它的“性”疑问给予真实的回答。与此同时，他们需要一定的宽松环境进行实际的体验。因而，在富于体谅之心和支持之举的父母帮助下，儿童逐渐发育成“有性的”人，他们为预期会发展的性欲行为逐渐做好了准备。
[1].按照作者所讲“就婴儿和儿童来说，永远都应该审慎地使用‘性的（sexual）’这个词”的审慎观点，此处的orgasm并不翻译成“性高潮”或“高潮”，而是翻译成“极度兴奋”。——译者注。 |
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Development of Sexual Behavior |
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Stages of Development: Childhood
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“Sexual Response” 1
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Between the ages of one and two, children begin to explore their bodies. As they discover various pleasurable sensations, they usually also begin to play with their sex organs.
By the age of two, some children have experienced orgasm, and by age five, nearly half of all children have had this experience.
They may also embrace and kiss other children. Indeed, if they are not interfered with, they may fondle and explore the sex organs of their playmates, including their siblings. Generally speaking, boys are more active in this respect than girls. However, most often this kind of mutual exploration (“playing doctor”) is motivated by simple curiosity about the body and its functions and has no erotic character in the adult sense. This is true even when he children try to simulate coitus, taking turns in playing an “active” and “passive” role. These are, more than anything else, attempts to learn something about oneself and others. Still, as children grow older, they may derive an evermore “special” pleasure from the stimulation their sex organs, and their “sex play” with others may become increasingly sensual in character. Older children may even “fall in love”, develop crushes and form very close relationships. The new, “special friends” may be of the other or of the same sex. None of this is necessarily problematical. It is important, however, that the parents maintain a close bond with their children and remain comfortable when explaining various body parts and their functions. Children as young as five want to know “where babies come from” and need truthful answers to many other “sexual” questions. At the same time, they need some space for practical experimentation. Thus, with the help of understanding and supportive parents, children gradually develop into “sexual” beings who will become ready for deliberate erotic behavior. |
