变异的性行为

千百年以来，性迷恋(erotic obsession)三寸金莲似乎已经成为中国文化不可分割的组成部分。当然，不再有可能查明许多男人实际上是如何参与这种性迷恋活动的。也许只有少数男人曾经痴迷于此，而其余男人只是略有迷恋或者迷恋的程度甚至无关紧要。不过，我们的确知道“三寸金莲”曾经是实际存在的性吸引物。男人们通常并不着眼于“三寸金莲”本身，而是痴迷于带有特殊色彩和绣饰的小小“莲花鞋”。因而，莲花鞋作为女人性欲祈望（sexual desirability）的副本（proof），被赋予了女人自身的偶像性质。我们可以称之为“间接恋物癖（indirect fetishism）”，即一种性痴迷于身体部位的遮盖物而不是有性欲望的身体本身[1]。因而，莲花鞋可能已经成为替代整个个体的痴迷替代物。 无论如何，要分析这种双重痴迷机制的多种多样的动机确实不太容易。

尽管是这样，在西方社会，许多类型的恋鞋癖和恋足癖也是众所周知的。对于一些男人来说，不仅双足，而且这双足及其足趾所穿的鞋，过去和现在都是性痴迷物。这种恋物癖也适用于鞋袜，尤其适用于穿着超高跟鞋或精致的长统靴之时。有的男人被连裤袜、长袜或丝袜所性吸引。毋庸赘述，在同性恋社群里也能够发现所有这些现象：一些男人被其他男人的双足、长统靴或丝袜所性唤起。再一次提醒大家，我们必须谨记，恋物癖是一个程度的问题，而且更大程度上依赖于是否把它当作一个问题看待的环境条件而定。在皇权文化的中国，未曾把恋足癖者当作异常来看待，因为整个社会环境接纳了恋足癖的性兴趣，而且迎合这种性兴趣。因而，中国人缠足的这个案例再一次确证了本教程前述所阐述的观点：性常态（sexual normality）和性异态（sexual abnormality）并不是绝对的，不同文化的定义标准也是不相同的。

“莲花鞋” 中国人的性偶像曾经是约7-8厘米(3英寸)长的畸形足，即所谓的“金莲”。稍长一点的足称为“银莲” (10 厘米或4英寸)，如果再长一点的则称为“铁莲”。这种恋足癖也包括与之对应的莲花鞋。从左至右：1.瓷酒杯，8.5厘米长，清朝；2和3.丝制“莲花鞋”；4.中国女人的畸形足照片。蒙中国古代性文化博物馆(江苏吴江市同里镇)惠允。 “Lotus shoes” The Chinese erotic ideal was a small female club foot of about 7-8 cm (3 inches) in length, the “golden lotus foot”. Slightly longer feet were called “silver lotus” (10 cm or 4 inches) and “iron lotus” if they were longer than that. The fetishistic fascination also included the respective shoes. From the left: 1. Porcelain wine goblets, length 8.5 cm, Qing Dynasty. 2. and 3. Silk “Lotus Shoes”. 4. Photo of a Chinese woman’s crippled foot. Courtesy China Sex Museum, Tongli [1]. 丹麦籍华人池元莲(Karlsmark, Elsa, 1940- )系丹麦华人女作家、世界华人性学家协会会员，在涉性文学创作领域也颇有建树。池女士的《两性风暴》一书中透露了一桩关于恋足癖的真实故事，抄录于此以资佐证：“我的二伯爷在1930-1940年是天津顶负盛名的外科大夫，他的第一任太太是一位才貌双全的摩登女性。可是，二伯爷在结婚数年后竟然迷恋上一个天津妓女。夫妻俩为此事大吵大闹。 太太很不服气地怒责他：‘假如你爱上一个条件比我优越的女人，我不会那么生气。可是，你迷上的那个女人是个妓女，目不识丁、年纪比我大，又抽大烟，又爱赌博！而且她是个缠了脚的女人！在这个时代还缠脚！’ 二伯爷给他的太太一个很残酷的回答：‘我跟她在一起是活在天堂里，跟你在一起如置身地狱！’ 二伯爷的太太伤透了心，一气之下吃安眠药自杀了。二伯爷在太太去世后，就跟那个妓女结婚。 后来，二伯爷逃难到香港，在家人前暗示他喜欢收集三寸金莲的小鞋子，他爱闻三寸金莲的气味。 等我长大了才明白。二伯爷既然有三寸金莲的性癖，他竟能在缠脚风俗已消失的时代遇到一个尚拥有一双小缠脚的女人，怪不得他被迷得仿佛发了疯一样。”（见：[丹麦]池元莲.两性风暴.郑州：郑州大学出版社，2005）。——译者注。

Two Examples: 1. Fetishism

A Historical Case in Point - Foot Binding 2

For hundreds of years, the erotic obsession with small female feet seems to have been an integral part of Chinese culture. Of course, it is now no longer possible to find out how many men actually shared this obsession. Perhaps only a minority ever did, and for the others it played only a very minor role or was even irrelevant. We do know, however, that the small size of the feet was the real attraction. Men usually did not look at the feet themselves, but were fascinated by the tiny “lotus shoes” with their special colors and decorations. Thus, the shoes as proof of the woman’s sexual desirability acquired a fetishistic character of their own. One might call this an “indirect fetishism”, an obsession with the cover of a desired body part rather than with the part itself. Thus, it may have been the obsession with a substitute of a substitute of the whole person. In any case, it is not easy to disentangle the various motives that might have been at work here.
Be that as it may, many forms of foot and shoe fetishism have also been known in the Western world. Not only the feet, but the soles of the feet and the toes have been, and still are, sexual fetishes for some men. This also applies to footwear, especially at times when very high heels or elaborate boots are in fashion. Other men are erotically attracted to panty hose, stockings or socks. Needless to say, all of this can also be found in a homosexual context: Some men get aroused by the feet, boots or socks of other men. Once again, one has to keep in mind that fetishism is a matter of degree, and that much depends on the circumstances whether it becomes a problem. In imperial China, no foot fetishist would ever been considered abnormal, because his entire social environment took his erotic interest for granted and catered to it. Thus, the case of Chinese footbinding once again confirms an earlier lesson: Sexual normality and abnormality are not absolutes, but are defined differently by different cultures.