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流产
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流产方法
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美国的流产
在美国，约25%的妊娠由选择性流产所终止(1.4百万/年)
Abortion in the USA
In the U.S., ca. 25% of all pregnancies are terminated by elective abortion
(1.4 million per year).
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在怀孕期间，流产实施得早与晚有着很大的差别。越早实施就越好。鉴于此，某些怀疑自己怀了孕而又不想等到确诊的妇女会需求一种叫月经调整术或月经萃取术的过程。诚然，如果她们真的怀了孕（又不想生育），惟有如此，别无他途。
在证实妊娠的情况下，只有在妊娠的前12周内施行流产才是相对安全和相对简单的。孕期越是迫近12周，流产通常就越不能耽搁。前8周内，人们说到的流产，排出的是胚胎；8周以后，排出的则是胎儿，并且可能待解决的症状相应地增加。无论如何，12周之后，出现并发症的风险较大，流产的技术难度更大，而且常常需要至少住院数日。自然而然，晚期流产也花费更多。20周后，即使在流产合法的地方，自愿流产通常从医学角度认为是不合理的，除非在非同寻常的病例才不得已而为之。到了这个时候，胎儿已经发育到实际上能够以早产存活下来的地步。由于各种各样的原因，大多数医生会拒绝在这样的晚期进行流产。其实，这类晚期流产在30或20年前不可谓不普遍，但是如今变得罕见了。
无论如何，接受专家的咨询，对于打算流产的任何一个妇女都是至关重要的，咨询涉及诸如心理、伦理和医学问题。如果决定做流产了，就应该只能找有资质能力的妇产科医生（在中国大陆，则只能去县级以上的医院或有资格的公立与私立医院施行流产——译者注）。 |
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Abortion
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Abortion Methods
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It makes a great difference whether an abortion is performed early or late in the pregnancy. The earlier it is done, the better. For this reason, some women who suspect they may be pregnant but do not want to wait for confirmation ask for a procedure called menstrual regulation or menstrual extraction. Of course, this would be an abortion only if they are indeed pregnant.
In the case of a confirmed pregnancy
an abortion is a relatively safe and simple procedure only within the first 12 weeks. Up to that time, it usually does not require an overnight stay in the hospital. In the first 8 weeks, one speaks of aborting an embryo, after that time one speaks of a fetus, and possible problems increase accordingly. In any case, after the 12th week, there is a greater risk of complications, more difficult techniques have to be used, and hospitalization for at least a few days is often necessary. Naturally, a late abortion is also more expensive. After the 20th week, a voluntary abortion, even where it is legal, is usually considered medically indefensible except in the most extraordinary cases. By this time, the fetus has developed to a point where it could actually survive a premature birth. At the same time, there are considerable risks for the mother. For this and other reasons, most doctors will refuse to perform an abortion at this late stage. Indeed, late abortions of this kind - which were not uncommon 30 or even 20 years ago - have become very rare today.
In any case, it is vitally important for any woman considering an abortion to receive expert counselling about all psychological, ethical and medical issues involved. If she decides to have an abortion, she should entrust herself only to a fully qualified physician.
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