性功能障碍的诊断与治疗-性治疗

性交疼痛

某些女性和男性在性交期间体验到疼痛。过去的教科书把这种症状称为“性交困难(dyspareunia,希拉语不匹配)”。但是，这个术语什么也没有解释清楚。它对于诊断来说，并不比“咳嗽”或“皮肤发红”更有诊断价值。所以，它过于笼统，对性科学家们的研究和临床运用会产生误导。无论如何，发现性交疼痛的原因并就此实施进一步的性治疗始终是必要的。

病因
性交疼痛有多种多样躯体方面的病因，从外伤、性传播疾病到器官退行性疾病，不一而足。在女性，可能有阴蒂粘连；在男性，可能是帕荣雷氏病(Peyronie’s disease，拉丁病名为induratio penis plastica或简称IPP，即阴茎进行性弯曲。也称阴茎海绵体硬结——译者注)发病的征兆。性交疼痛也可能纯粹是像焦虑和紧张这样的心理原因所导致。

治疗
依据个体的具体病因，治疗会有所不同。可能从药物治疗、外科手术到心理咨询和心理疗法等等。

The Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions - Sex Therapy

Pain during sexual intercourse

Some women and men experience pain during sexual intercourse. Older textboooks refer to this as "dyspareunia" (gr. not fitting together). However, this term explains nothing. It is no more helpful for any diagnosis than “cough” or “reddening of the skin”. Thus, it is too imprecise and, in fact, misleading to be useful to sexologists. In any case, it is always necessary to find the cause of the pain and then to proceed from there.

Causes
There are a variety of possible physical causes, from injuries and sexually transmitted infections to degenerative diseases. In women, there may be clitoral adhesions, in men the beginnings of Peyronie's disease (lat. induratio penis plastica, i.e. an increasing curvature of the penis). There may also be purely psychological causes like anxiety and tension.

Treatment
The treatment will be different depending on the individual case. It may range from medication and surgery to counseling and psychotherapy.