关键概述-陈腐而无据的定势思维

1.迷误——人类“正常的”性状态

医学伪装下的道德价值观
正如科学史学家所知晓的那样，随着岁月的流转，医学治疗技术和治疗目的已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。然而，性治疗师根本的定势思维始终保持不变：鼓励和压抑手淫的方式不过是为了恢复“正常的”性反应，继而用这种“自然的”性反应来评估病人的健康状况。这种推论事实上可能导致如此不同甚至矛盾的治疗方法，给人们的第一个提示就是它的前提有某些致命的缺陷。这种缺陷值得人们就此怀疑所运用的“正常”的概念的真伪。各类治疗师曾经所称之为“正常的”东西实际上是在医学伪装下的道德价值观。鉴于此，实际上他们并未遵从“自然法则”，而是迷从了他们自己的道德信念。这不可能是其他什么别的东西，因为迷信于“正常的性状态”不是和不可能是基于对科学的见识。它从本质上和不可避免地是意识形态方面的东西。

Critical Introduction - Old Silent Assumptions

1. The Myth of a "Natural" Human Sexuality

Moral values in medical disguise
As any historian of science knows, therapeutic techniques and therapeutic goals have changed rather drastically in the course of time. Yet, their underlying assumption has always remained the same: Both the encouragement and the suppression of masturbation merely served to restore the "natural" sexual response which, in turn, was essential to the patient's health. The fact that this kind of reasoning can lead to such different and even contradictory therapies gives us a first hint at some serious flaw in its premise. This flaw is the questionable character of the concept of "naturalness" as employed here. What the various therapists called "natural" was actually a moral value in medical disguise. In reality therefore, they did not follow "nature" but, rather, their own moral convictions. It could not have been otherwise, because the belief in a "natural sexuality" is not, and cannot be, based on scientific insight. It is essentially and unavoidably ideological.