关键概述-陈腐而无据的定势思维

1. 迷误——人类“正常的”性状态

同性恋：健康，还是有病？
“同性恋”这个单词由匈牙利裔奥地利作家、“同志权利”倡导者K.M.柯尔特毕尼(K.M. Kertbeny )于1869年首创[Benkert(本柯尔特)为原初姓氏，后不知何故改姓为Kertbeny(柯尔特毕尼)(参见Chronology of Sex Research: 1869)，华裔美国性学家阮芳赋教授参照的文献就是使用Benkert这一姓氏。参见：阮芳赋著.《性知识手册》.北京：中医古籍出版社，2002年，第147页。——译者注]。他希望用这个术语来刻画同性爱，认为同性爱是健康状态。但是，其后不久，柏林精神病学家卡尔·韦斯特福尔(Carl Westphal)指定这种状态为“逆性别情感(contrary sexual feeling)”，并且宣称它是疾病。在随后的一个世纪里，整个精神病学界采用了柯尔特毕尼的术语，但取斯特福尔的定性，认为同性恋者遭受着精神病痛，并且发明了各式各样的“治疗方法”。最后，到了1973年，美国精神病协会从其精神病诊断与统计手册中删除了这个诊断病名。从那一刻起，从前患病的同性恋男男女女们顷刻间就恢复了健康，这是一个在医学史上最伟大的和最快速的群体治愈案例。(可是，这并未让任何人获得诺贝尔医学奖。)

两位性学先驱： /Two pioneers:

Critical Introduction - Old Silent Assumptions

1. The Myth of a "Natural" Human Sexuality

Homosexuality: Healthy or sick?
The word "homosexual" was invented by the Austrian-Hungarian writer and "gay rights" advocate K.M. Kertbeny in 1869. He wanted this term to characterize a healthy condition of loving one's own sex. Immediately thereafter, however, the Berlin psychiatrist Carl Westphal named this condition "contrary sexual feeling" and declared it to be a disease. For the next hundred years the entire psychiatric profession - adopting Kertbeny's term, but Westphal's characterization - considered homosexuals to be suffering from mental illness and devised various "cures". Finally, in 1973, the American Psychiatric Association removed the diagnosis from its manual. From that moment on, millions of formerly sick homosexual women and men were healthy again - the greatest and fastest mass cure in medical history. (However, this did not win anyone a Nobel prize for medicine).